You ever deleted any Linux OS and encountered a grub rescue problem?

After deleting Linux OS, grub bootloader is still present?

Don’t worry, Just follow these simple steps to solve those problems.

Deleting Linux OS

To delete Linux OS, forget the complex steps.

Just go to the Disk Management and delete the Partition in which that OS is installed.

After deleting that Partition, you won’t be able to boot into that OS, but the Grub bootloader is still there, and you may encounter grub rescue problem.

Removing Grub Rescue

If you encounter grub rescue problem, it means that the default bootloader is still set to grub.

To change this, follow these steps :

These steps are for an UEFI system. In legacy, it may differ.

Step 1 : go to the BIOS settings.

step 2 : Under the System Configuration, go to the Boot options as shown below :

Please note that the BIOS setup will vary according to the manufacturers.

step 3 : move the Windows to the top

step 4 : save the settings and restart the PC.

Now, you will be able to boot into Windows.

Deleting the grub using CMD :

After booting into windows, follow these steps :

Step 1 : open CMD.

Step 2 : enter the following commands one by one :

diskpart
list disk
sel disk 0
list vol

Now, all the Partitions will be listed including System partitions.

If the System partition is in volume 5 (In my case) (It’s approximate size is 100 MB and is of FAT32 file system), enter the following command :

sel vol 5
assign letter = x
exit

After Exit, again open CMD in an administrator mode.

Enter the commands one by one :

X:
dir
cd EFI
dir

Now, you will find all the bootloaders including Windows, Linux or any other, that are present in your PC.

You can see in the above screenshot that there are several bootloaders are present, including Microsoft Windows, boss Linux, Parrot OS and refind.

I am going to delete boss Linux’s bootloader. You can change your command according to your desired OS.

Just enter the following command to delete the grub bootloader.

rmdir /s boss

You can see that, boss is gone from the list.

This method can also be used for removing Ubuntu, Mint or any other Linux bootloader or even for Android x86 OSs.

To make your desktop wallpaper change randomly in Windows 10, follow these steps :

Step 1: Right-click on desktop

Step 2: Click on Personalize

Step 3: Now, in the Background settings, click on drop-down list.

Step 4: Click on Slideshow

Step 5: Now, you can choose the folder from where the wallpapers can be changed randomly, set delay, and do other customization. You can turn shuffle ON if you like.

The setting in the last screenshot above is all you can customize it in your desired way.

The frequency of changing the wallpaper can be 1 minute, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours and 1 day.

What to do, if I want to change wallpaper according to time of the day?

To change the Wallpapers according to the time of the day, follow these steps :

Step 1: Download the wallpapers which you like, and keep them in a separate folder.

Remember :

The files are recognized in alphabetical order. So, rename all the image files according to the order you want to see. You can number it if you like.

Step 2: go to the above mentioned settings.

Step 3: Select the folder, where your images are stored, by clicking on Browse.

Step 4: Set the delay to 6 hours.

Step 5: Keep the shuffle OFF.

That’s it. Now, show your dynamic desktop to your friends who don’t know this.

There are several Apps available on the Play store for Linux terminal such as Termux, Terminal Emulator for Android, Shell Terminal Emulator, etc. I will talk about Termux here.

How to install Termux

Termux is available for Android devices running on Android Nougat and above. To install Termux, simply go to the Play store and search for it. It is developed by Fredrik Fornwall. Just tap on install and wait for the installation to complete.

Here’s a direct link for the App : click here

Using the Termux

Termux is an Android terminal emulator and Linux environment application that works directly with no rooting or setup required. For keeping the image small. only a minimal base system is installed automatically, additional packages are available using the APT package manager.

APT stands for Advanced Package Tool

suppose, you have to install Python, just enter the command :

apt install python

Advanced information about program usage and any commands can be viewed through man tool.

To exit the Termux, enter the exit command and hit Enter twice.

Features of Termux

Termux combines powerful terminal emulation with an extensive Linux package collection. These are the features of Termux :

• Enjoy the bash and zsh shells
• Edit files with nano and vim
• Access servers over ssh
• Develop in C with clang, make and gdb
• Use the python console as a pocket calculator
• Check out projects with git and subversion
• Run text-based games with frotz

Addons for Termux

Termux has some extra features, which are separately available as Addons. You can install them from Play store too. These are the addons :

Termux:API – Access Android and Chrome hardware features.

Termux:Boot – Run script(s) when your device boots.

Termux:Float – Run Termux in a floating window.

Termux:Styling – Have color schemes and powerline-ready fonts customize the appearance of the Termux terminal.

Termux:Tasker – An easy way to call Termux executables from Tasker and compatible apps.

Termux:Widget – Start small scriptlets from the home screen

Can I use Termux for hacking?

Yes, you can, but this is more a question of your skills rather than Termux features. There are some tools which may (or may not) help you in penetration testing.

For example: aircrack-ng (set of utilities for Wi-Fi security audit), hydra (brute force tool), metasploit (platform for testing against known vulnerabilities) or nmap (port scanner). Various development tools like clang and python are available too.

Certain tools like aircrack-ng require your device to be rooted and/or even run a custom Linux kernel with additional drivers and patches.

A letter from Termux to “hackers”:

We are not helping with hacking. No matter for which purpose you need it – we do not care about your learning needs and dirty mind. Just do not ask about hacking Facebook, Instagram, Whatsapp, Telegram and whatever else. And do not ask about rooting your device – our community is not XDA forum

A letter from Termux to hacking tutorial seekers:

Beware of scripts suggested to be executed in various “hacking tutorials” available on the Internet. Most of them actually do not work properly (outdated ?). Some of them break Termux environment or even installs malware. Termux developers are not responsible about any damage which may happen by following these “tutorials”.

Final Words

In today’s world, Android devices are very popular among all over the world. Developers are porting as many Desktop features to Android devices as they can. Termux is also one of them, which allows you to carry a Linux terminal in your pocket.

How it works

It is the feature, which allows you to copy multiple items to your clipboard rather than overwriting the last item when another is added.

To use this feature, You need to turn the Clipboard History ON.

To open Clipboard settings, go to the
Settings > System > Clipboard.

These are the features, which you can find :

• Copy multiple items and keep them separately.
• Sync the Clipboard items across the devices.
• Pin frequently used items.

Using the Clipboard

Just press the Windows logo key + V and the Clipboard history window will open containing the items you have copied in the order from newest to oldest.

You need to click on the item you want to paste. You can also Pin or delete the items by clicking on the three dots.

Final words

Most of the users will like this feature and replace it with the 3rd party clipboard managers if they are using. However, some of you may want more features and functions and to fulfil this, there are several other choices too.

Blockchain is a digital, decentralised ledger that keeps a record of all transactions that take place across peer-to-peer network. It was introduced in 2008 as the underlying technology on which the bitcoin was built. It’s grand promise is to do for transparency, what the internet did for communication. The transparency increases trust between two parties.

2. The unbreakable security

• In a blockchain, each block stores the data of the transaction, it’s hash code and the previous block’s hash code.
• So, whatever a new block is created, it is validated by a majority of peers on that network.
• It does not have any central administrating authority, but data should be validated by all the participants.
• If anyone tries to change the data in one block, the entire blockchain will be invalidated.
• This makes the data open and secure.

3. Types of Blockchain

PUBLIC : It is fully decentralised and transparent.

PERMISSION : It is Quasi – decentralised.

PRIVATE : It is centralised.

4. Features of Blockchain

• Near real time.
• No intermediary.
• Distributed ledger.
• Irreversibility and Immutability.
• Better Security.

5. Working of a Blockchain

6. Applications of Blockchain

• The Food Industry.
• Cyber Security.
• Voting.
• Land registry. and many more.

7. Conclusion

Blockchain is a new and emerging technology, which is going to be used very widely as it provides better security and trust.

Well this is possible. There are mainly two methods for this : either you can use an emulator or install an android based OS alongside windows in dual boot mode.

we will discuss these two methods one by one.

Using an Android Emulator

There are lots of emulators available in the market. These emulators can be installed like an application on PC. One Such emulator is Bluestacks. The BlueStacks is a free to use emulator. It will allow you to run android apps on your PC. You will need to sign in with your google account to download apps or games from play store. It is not a full android emulator, so you will not get a full android experience. Latest BlueStacks 4 runs on android Nougat.

Steps to install BlueStacks on your Computer hard drive :

Step 1: Download the installer from the official Bluestacks website.

Step 2: Launch the install application and choose the storage location for app and data files. Unfortunately, you can’t change the Bluestacks directory — it will install on your boot drive by default.

Step 3: Once Bluestacks finishes installing, launch it. Enter your Google account credentials — you’ll log into the Google Play Store, where you’ll find all of your installed and purchased apps.

Dual Boot

Want to experience the android as a whole operating system on PC? You can install an android based operating system alongwith your windows OS in dual boot mode. Phoenix OS and Prime OS are some best android based OS for PC. Phoenix OS is a full Android 7.1 or 5.1 operating system that runs on your Windows machine. That gives it the functionality of a desktop OS, along with all of the compatibility with Android applications.

Steps to install Phoenix OS and use it :

Step 1: Go to the Phoenix OS download page and download the latest installer for your PC. Choose the .exe or .ISO file for the version of Android you prefer. Currently, you choose the installer for Android 7.1 or Android 5.1.

Step 2: Create a new partition for Phoenix OS to install onto.

Step 3: Run the Phoenix OS installer and install it on the new partition. Alternatively, create a bootable USB drive with it, and install on boot.

Step 4: Choose a volume letter and the size of the volume you want to create.

Step 5: Wait for the installation process to complete. Then reboot and choose Phoenix OS from your boot menu. The latest versions of Phoenix OS come preloaded with the Google Play Store, so download your apps from there and away you go!